Energy research: MOTS-c in mice, and what an NAD precursor trial did not show
MOTS-c has been studied in mice for insulin sensitivity and diet-induced weight gain. A human trial of an oral NAD precursor raised a blood NAD marker; it did not show a change in everyday energy.
Skin research: what fibroblast cultures have shown for GHK-Cu
In fibroblast cultures, the copper complex of GHK has been reported to raise collagen synthesis without a change in cell number. A dish is not a person's skin, and better skin is not an established human result.
Repair research: what tendon cells and rat wounds have shown
BPC-157 has been studied in rat tendon cells for outgrowth and migration. Thymosin beta-4 has been studied in rat skin wounds for faster closure. Human repair trials of this kind are still missing.
What a Phase 2 trial reported for retatrutide and body weight
In a 48-week trial of 338 adults, the highest retatrutide group reported a mean weight change of about 24 percent, against about 2 percent on placebo. It is still investigational.